A mother and daughter stand with their herd of goats in El Baraf, Somalia

Humanitarian Information Systems: Anticipating, Analyzing, and Acting in Crisis

The international community has made major progress in the warning and assessment of crises but continues to struggle to ensure the linkage between information, analysis, and action. This umbrella project includes studies on specific aspects of this problem: the political constraints to the independence and objectivity of data collection and analysis; technical and conceptual constraints and the validity of indicators; and the constraints to linking diagnostic information to anticipatory action and response.  

To date this research program includes five studies: 

  • The Constraints and Complexities of Information and Analysis (“The politics of information and analysis”) (2017-2020). Funded by ECHO/Action Against Hungerthe USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, the Office of Swiss Development Cooperationand the East Africa Research Fund/Foreign,  Commonwealth and Development Office of the UK 
  • Improving the Analysis of Food Security, Nutrition and Famine (2019-2020). Funded by Action Against HungerFAOand REACH. 
  • Early Warning-Early Action for Resilience in the IGAD Region(2020-2021). Funded by FAO 
  • COVID-19 Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Help Desk (2020-2021). Funded by the East Africa Research Fund/Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office. 
  • Improving Approaches to Conflict Analysis (2020-2021). Funded by the Dignitas Foundation.  
Thumbnail of Report "Do Famine Declarations Really Lead to Increased Funding?

This policy brief examines the relationship between famine declarations and funding since 2011. It shows that, with that one exception, there is little evidence that famine declarations actually result in a rapid increase in funding.

Daniel Maxwell, Matthew Day, Peter Hailey

• June 2023

Multiple calls have been issued for better preparedness, early warning, and, above all, early action to prevent hunger and malnutrition, reduce the scale of food insecurity, improve resilience, and reduce...

Daniel Maxwell, Erin Lentz, Cori Simmons, Gregory Gottlieb

• June 2021

This paper reviews real-time monitoring (RTM), how it fits into a humanitarian information system, how systems quickly adjusted toward RTM in 2020, and provides a series of case studies of RTM systems, their objectives, and their outcomes. 

Daniel Maxwell, Erin Lentz, Kamau Wanjohi, Daniel Molla, Matthew Day, Peter Hailey, Christopher Newton, Anna Colom

• March 2021

The nature of humanitarian crises has changed over the past two decades. These changes demand increased anticipatory humanitarian action and improved information to guide that action. The COVID 19 pandemic...

Erin Lentz, Gregory Gottlieb, Cori Simmons, Daniel Maxwell

• December 2020
coronavirus

This brief lays out lessons from our study of famine information systems and considers how they may be applicable to the coronavirus pandemic response.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Anne Radday

• May 2020
emergencies

This study synthesized findings from six different country case studies, noting influences on data collection and analysis processes during emergencies.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey

• May 2020

This is a brief on the full report of the study that synthesized findings from six different country case studies, noting influences on data collection and analysis processes during emergencies.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey

• June 2020

The humanitarian situation in Somalia is among the world’s most enduring current crises. As a result of conflict and a very weak central state, the country ran for two decades...

Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel, Daniel Maxwell

• November 2018

This study employed an active case identification approach to identifying the worst affected households in communities and make recommendations for how classification could be further improved.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Matthew Day, Guhad Adan, Joyce Maxwell, Stephen Odhiambo, Aishwarya Venkat, Lilian Kaindi, James Njiru

• June 2020
Towards Anticipatory Info Systems Cover

This paper reviews issues with contemporary humanitarian information and early warning systems. While the cases focus on the East Africa region, they have broader implications as well.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey

• January 2020
Politics of Information

This study examines the politics of information and its influences on humanitarian information systems in Ethiopia today.

Daniel Maxwell, Lindsay Spainhour Baker, Peter Hailey

• April 2020
politics of information and analysis

This report provides recommendations related to managing the political influences and improving the technical quality of the data and analysis in Kenya.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Lindsay Spainhour Baker, Stephen Odhiambo

• April 2020
famine early warning

Attention to the growing number of people caught in crises characterized by extreme and often protracted levels of food insecurity, malnutrition, and mortality is increasing. The information systems that track...

Daniel Maxwell

• November 2019

A study of the effectiveness of the Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) system, as it is used to identify famine and levels of food insecurity in Yemen.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Lindsay Spainhour Baker, Jeeyon Janet Kim

• June 2019

A study of the effectiveness of the Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) system, as it is used to identify famine and levels of food insecurity in Yemen.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Lindsay Spainhour Baker, Jeeyon Janet Kim

• June 2019
identify famine

A study of the effectiveness of the Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) system, used to identify famine and levels of food insecurity, in South Sudan.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel

• July 2018
Integrated Phase Classification

The briefing paper about a study of the effectiveness of the Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) system, used to identify famine and levels of food insecurity, in South Sudan.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel

• July 2018

Ce rapport examine le Cadre Harmonisé pour mieux comprendre les contraintes techniques et politiques à l'analyse des famines et des urgences extrêmes.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel

• July 2018
humanitarianism in Nigeria

This report examines the Cadre Harmonisé in Nigeria to better understand the technical and political constrains to analyzing famines and extreme emergencies.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel

• May 2018
analyzing famine in Nigeria

This brief examines the Cadre Harmonisé in Nigeria to better understand the technical and political constrains to analyzing famines and extreme emergencies.

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel

• May 2018
famine in Nigeria

Dans le but d’identifier et de classifier la sévérité de l’insécurité alimentaire, y compris la famine, le Nigeria utilise l’approche du Cadre Harmonisé (CH), un processus analytique semblable au Cadre...

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Maria Wrabel

• July 2018
data planning in famine

The humanitarian community has technical definitions of famine and food security or nutrition emergencies: the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC). The classification requires good quality and coverage of food...

Jeeyon Janet Kim, Erin McCloskey, Peter Hailey, Daniel Maxwell

• June 2018

One important component of analysis of food insecurity in emergencies is the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Acute Food Insecurity Reference Table. This table provides a graduated description of...

Bapu Vaitla, Jennifer Coates, Daniel Maxwell

• December 2015

Daniel Maxwell, Peter Hailey, Abdullahi Khalif, and Francesco Checchi. 2020. “Determining Famine: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis for the 21st Century.” Food Policy. Vol. 92 (April)  Article 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101832  

Bapu Vaitla, Jennifer Cisse, Joanna Upton Girmay Tesfaye, Niguissie Abadi, and Daniel Maxwell. 2020. “How the choice of food security indicators affects the assessment of resilience—an example from northern Ethiopia.” Food Security. Vol. 12(1), pp.137–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00989-w 

Daniel Maxwell and Peter Hailey. 2018. “The Re-emergence of Famine in the 21st Century.” Special Edition on, “La lutte contre la famine:  un mythe de Sisyphe?” Politorbis. No. 66 (March), pp. 13-22. https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/eda/mehrsprachig/documents/publications/Politorbis/politorbis-66_dfe.pdf 

Bapu VaitlaJennifer Coates, Laura Glaeser, Christopher HillbrunerPreetish Biswas, and Daniel Maxwell. 2017. “The measurement of household food security: Correlation and latent variable analysis of alternative indicators in a large multi-country dataset.” Food Policy. Vol. 68 (April) pp. 193-205. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306919216304055 

Daniel Maxwell, Bapu Vaitla, and Jennifer Coates. 2014. “How Do Indicators of Household Food Insecurity Measure Up? An Empirical Comparison from Ethiopia.” Food Policy. Vol. 47 (August) pp. 107-117. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306919214000682

Early Warning Early Action for Increased Resilience of Livelihoods in IGAD Region
April 2021

In this first installment of the series, Key Findings and Recommendations from “Early Warning and Early Action for Increased Resilience of Livelihoods in IGAD Region,” Dan Maxwell and Erin Lentz...

Webinar: The Politics of Information and Analysis in Famine and Extreme Emergencies
June 2020

The ability to predict and analyze famine has improved sharply in the past 15 years. However, the political influences on data collection and analysis in famine and extreme emergencies continue...