Nutrition

Although malnutrition is on the global agenda, nutritional risk in marginalized and crisis-affected communities is often overlooked.

We seek to understand the causes of all types of malnutrition, often driven by a combination of lack of food, diet, health, livelihoods stresses, conflict, gender dynamics, and economic situations.

This research focuses on East and Central Africa.

La nutrition dans les zones arides africaines : un cadre conceptuel pour lutter contre la malnutrition aiguë
By Helen Young | July 2020

Le présent document d’information examine et met à jour le cadre conceptuel généralement accepté des moteurs de la malnutrition aiguë dans les zones arides africaines, où continue d’exister obstinément un niveau critique de malnutrition aiguë globale.

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Nutrition in Africa’s drylands: a conceptual framework for addressing acute malnutrition
By Helen Young | July 2020

This brief reviews and updates the generally accepted conceptual framework of drivers of acute malnutrition in Africa’s drylands, where emergency levels of global acute malnutrition stubbornly persist.

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Twin peaks: the seasonality of acute malnutrition, conflict, and environmental factors
Report: Twin Peaks of Malnutrition

This report highlights major new findings on the seasonal patterns of child malnutrition and their links to climate variability, conflict, and livelihood systems in Chad, Sudan, and South Sudan.

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Briefing Paper: Twin peaks: the seasonality of acute malnutrition, conflict, and environmental factors
By Helen Young, Anastasia Marshak | November 2019

This brief highlights major new findings on the seasonal patterns of child malnutrition and their links to climate variability, conflict, and livelihood systems in Chad, Sudan, and South Sudan.

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Briefing Paper: The Scope of Persistent Global Acute Malnutrition and Strategies Moving Forward
persistent global acute malnutrition
By Helen Young, Anastasia Marshak | January 2018

The widespread scale and long-lasting nature of “persistent GAM” means that it must be a policy and programming priority. This brief sheds light on the issue and provides strategies for policy and practice.

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Persistent Global Acute Malnutrition: A discussion paper on the scope of the problem, its drivers, and strategies for moving forward for policy, practice, and research
persistent global acute malnutrition
By Helen Young, Anastasia Marshak | January 2018

The widespread scale and long-lasting nature of “persistent GAM” means that it must be a policy and programming priority. This paper sheds light on the issue and provides strategies for policy and practice.

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Conflict and Resilience: A Synthesis of Feinstein International Center Work on Building Resilience and Protecting Livelihoods in Conflict-Related Crises
conflict and resilience synthesis

Resilience is defined as the ability of people to mitigate, weather, and “bounce back” from shocks or adversity. This definition is framed in terms of understanding capacities and risk—often particularly…

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Evidence Brief: The Influence of Market Support Interventions on Household Food Security
Impact of market support interventions evidence brief cover

This is an evidence brief, accompanying the full systematic review on the impact of market support interventions on household food security.

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The Influence of Market Support Interventions on Household Food Security
influence of market support interventions

This evidence synthesis represents the first ever attempt to identify, synthesize and evaluate the existing evidence on the influence of market support interventions on household food security in humanitarian crises.

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Evidence Brief: Managing Acute Malnutrition in Children in Humanitarian Emergencies
acute malnutrition in children

This is an evidence brief, accompanying the full systematic review on acute malnutrition in humanitarian emergencies.

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Recovery, Relapse, and Episodes of Default in the Management of Acute Malnutrition in Children in Humanitarian Emergencies
management of acute malnutrition in humanitarian emergencies cover

This systematic review represents the first attempt to apply systematic review methodology to establish the relationships between recovery and relapse and between default rates and repeated episodes of default or relapse in the management of acute malnutrition in children in humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries.

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Water, Livestock, and Malnutrition: Findings from an Impact Assessment
Community Resilience to Acute Malnutrition

This report describes the results of an impact assessment on Concern Worldwide’s program in eastern Chad aimed at reducing malnutrition.

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Eau, betail et malnutrition: Résultats d’une étude d’impact

This is the French version of the report, Water, Livestock, and Malnutrition: Findings from an Impact Assessment.

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Relationships between recovery and relapse, and default and repeated episodes of default in the management of acute malnutrition in children in humanitarian emergencies: A systematic review protocol
acute malnutrition

This protocol details the methodology for an evidence synthesis on acute malnutrition in humanitarian crises. The evidence synthesis asks: “What is the evidence on the relationship between recovery and/or cure…

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Narratives of Famine Somalia 2011
Somalian famine

This paper is important reading for anyone working in or on Somalia because it presents the Somalian famine of 2011 from the perspective of those who lived through it in…

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The Somalia Famine of 2011-2012
famine

The Somalia famine of 2011 was to date the worst famine of the 21st Century. In retrospect the disaster should never have reached the severity that it did, but the famine developed…

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How do Different Indicators of Household Food Security Compare? Empirical Evidence from Tigray
By Daniel Maxwell, Bapu Vaitla | August 2013

With recent food crises at both regional and global levels, and renewed commitments from major donor countries to address chronic hunger, food security is more prominent on the policy agenda…

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Response Analysis and Response Choice in Food Security Crises: A Roadmap
By Daniel Maxwell, John Parker | February 2013

The term ‘response analysis’ implies that response choices are made solely on the basis of evidence and analysis. However, many factors contribute to how agencies select a response, and ‘response choice’ does not always involve an evidence-based, analytical process.

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Food by Prescription Measuring the Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Prescribed Food on Recovery from Malnutrition and HIV Disease Progression among HIV+ Adult Clients in Ethiopia

Great strides have been made over the last 20 years in the long-term management of HIV infection in developing countries, resulting in improved immune function, reduced mortality, and prolonged survival….

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Milk Matters The Impact of Dry Season Livestock Support on Milk Supply and Child Nutrition in Somali Region, Ethiopia

This report presents the findings of two cohort studies assessing the impact of small-scale livestock interventions, designed to sustain access to and availability of animal milk at the household level over the dry season, on the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age.

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Livelihoods, Basic Services and Social Protection in Northern Uganda and Karamoja

This paper synthesizes current evidence on how people are recovering their livelihoods and accessing basic services and social protection interventions in the conflict-affected regions of Uganda’s Greater North.

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Lifting Livelihoods with Livestock A review of REST's livestock value addition practices in Raya Azebo, Ethiopia and potentials for diversification
By Yacob Aklilu | November 2011

Between 2008 and 2011, over two thousand households were provided with informal loans for livestock value addition in an effort to graduate them from the Productive Safety Net Programme in…

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Milk Matters in Karamoja
By Elizabeth Stites, Emily Mitchard | October 2011

Households in the Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda have seen a precipitous drop in access to and availability of animal milk in recent years. The declining milk supply affects livelihoods,…

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Achieving Food and Nutrition Security Lessons Learned From the Integrated Food Security Programme (IFSP), Mulanje, Malawi
By Patrick Webb | June 2011

Calls have been made recently for new approaches to the design and implementation of interventions aimed at achieving household food security; approaches that address more than just food availability by…

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Community Case Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Southern Bangladesh

Bangladesh has the fourth-highest number of children – around 600,000 at any one time – suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the world. Currently, ongoing national programs (such as…

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Mind the Gap Commercialization, Livelihoods and Wealth Disparity in Pastoralist Areas
By Yacob Aklilu, Andy Catley | December 2010

This was a follow up study to earlier regional analysis for the IGAD-FAO Livestock Policy Initiative that examined the benefits of livestock exports by pastoralist wealth group. Mind the Gap focuses on the Borana and Somali areas of Ethiopia, and describes the growing formal trade in meat and animals from pastoralist areas, destined for export markets.

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Moving Up or Out? A Rapid Livelihoods and Conflict Analysis in Mieso-Mulu Woreda, Shinile Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
By Andy Catley, Alula Iyasu | April 2010

The pastoralists of Shinile Zone in the Somali Region of Ethiopia experience multiple livelihoods challenges and various types of conflict. Among international NGOs in the area, there is increasing interest…

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Milk Matters-Phase One Report The Role and Value of Milk in the Diets of Somali Pastoralist Children in Liben and Shinile, Ethiopia
By Kate Sadler, Andy Catley | October 2009

Milk Matters ultimately aims to improve the nutritional status of children in pastoralist/semi pastoralist areas in the horn of Africa.

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Milk Matters The Role and Value of Milk in the Diets of Somali Pastoralist Children in Liben and Shinile, Ethiopia
By Kate Sadler, Andy Catley | September 2009

This report is the outcome of the first phase of Milk Matters: a joint venture between the Feinstein International Center, Save the Children USA and Save the Children UK in…

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies: Darfur Case Study
By Helen Young, Daniel Maxwell | April 2009

Can community-based approaches to the targeting of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies improve participation and reduce targeting error? Although the literature suggests that community-based targeting works best in slow-onset emergencies…

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Milk Matters: A Literature Review of Pastoralist Nutrition and Programming Responses

Children across pastoralist/semi pastoralist areas of the horn of Africa are often referred to as some of the most nutritionally vulnerable in the world. The dominant response from the international…

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies: Somalia Country Case Study

Can community-based approaches to the targeting of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies improve participation and reduce targeting error? Although the literature suggests that community-based targeting works best in slow-onset emergencies…

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies: Colombia Country Case Study
By Jacqueline Frize | July 2008

Can community-based approaches to the targeting of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies improve participation and reduce targeting error? Although the literature suggests that community-based targeting works best in slow-onset emergencies…

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies: South Sudan Country Case Study
By Daniel Maxwell, John Burns | May 2008

The population of Southern Sudan was caught in a civil war from 1983 to 2005. During the war, several major famines led to a massive food aid intervention by the…

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Review of WFP Food Assistance Programming Practices in Southern Sudan

The World Food Programme has been providing humanitarian food assistance to vulnerable communities and groups in Southern Sudan for over twenty years, but circumstances have changed following the signing of…

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Policies, Practice and Participation in Complex Emergencies: The Case of Livestock Interventions in South Sudan A case study for the Agriculture and Development Economics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization

This case study examines how alternative approaches to rinderpest eradication evolved in the complex emergency context of southern Sudan. It also explores how initial experiences informed the establishment of a large scale community based animal health worker (CAHW) system.

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Risk and Vulnerability in Ethiopia Learning from the Past, Responding to the Present, Preparing for the Future

The people of Ethiopia today are managing the risks and vulnerabilities generated by a serious drought, profound vulnerability to disease epidemics (human, crop and livestock), and a combination of local…

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Pastoralist Community Harmonization in the Karamoja Cluster: Taking it to the Next Level
By Larry Minear | March 2001

an assessment of the impacts of the Pastoral Community Harmonization Initiative (PCHI) in its fourth year

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Humanitarian Information Systems: Anticipating, Analyzing, and Acting in Crisis

This study seeks to understand the availability and quality of information, and the external influences on data collection and analysis for the classification of food emergencies.

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Nutrition in Africa’s drylands: updating the conceptual framework for addressing acute malnutrition

This project proposes updates to the generally accepted conceptual framework of malnutrition causality. These updates elaborate on the drivers of acute malnutrition in drylands based on new evidence.  We explore these updates through a variety of forums.

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Revisiting the Evidence on Kwashiorkor Malnutrition

Through a series of webinars in late 2020, current researchers and practitioners review recent evidence related to kwashiorkor. These webinars will lead to another meeting of experts to discuss and advance kwashiorkor prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Seasonality of Malnutrition in Eastern Chad

This study is a partnership with Concern Worldwide that aims to inform programming around water, livestock, and nutrition in the Goz Beida area. It investigates the seasonal patterns of acute malnutrition and its key drivers in the Goz Beida Region.

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Feed the Future Uganda One Nutrition in Complex Environments

The One Nutrition in Complex Environments (ONCE) study tests a new way of preventing and addressing acute malnutrition through a cluster-randomized trial.

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Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU 1 & 2)

The Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU) is an initiative of USAID/Uganda aimed at increasing resilience and economic development in Karamoja.

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Synthesizing Research on Resilience in Drylands and Fragile Contexts Project

From 2005 to 2017, we developed a wide-ranging research portfolio on livelihoods systems under stress throughout the Greater Horn of Africa and beyond. This project synthesizes key themes of that research.

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The Humanitarian Evidence Program

The Humanitarian Evidence Program produces a series of evidence syntheses to distill humanitarian evidence and communicate it to key stakeholders in order to enable better decision-making and improve humanitarian policy and practice.

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The Agriculture Knowledge, Learning, Documentation and Policy Project (AKLDP)

The AKLDP is a five-year project of USAID Ethiopia which provides collaborative learning and coordination support across the Feed the Future portfolio, leading to improved agriculture, livestock and pastoral policy and programming.

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Promoting Agriculture, Health, and Alternative Livelihoods (PAHAL) in Nepal

This USAID-funded five-year project (2014-2019) aims to improve food security, resilience, and livelihoods for poor and marginalized communities in select areas of rural Nepal.

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Food Security Measurement

Under this project, a variety of food security indicators are incorporated into field surveys of other studies in order to assess their applicability, cost, reliability, and internal, external, and construct validity.

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Evaluation of Community-based Animal Health in the Horn of Africa

This project is a collaboration between Feinstein and Vetwork UK to evaluate community-based animal health worker (CAHW) services in Kenya, Ethiopia, and South Sudan on behalf of the US Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA).

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Food by Prescription Improving the Health and Nutritional Status of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia

This study aims to build upon the existing—but limited—literature and will examine the effectiveness of a large-scale food supplementation program for PLWHA (people living with HIV/AIDS) in a field setting in Ethiopia.

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies

This study documents existing practices and gaps, and builds the evidence base, for community-based targeting practices in complex emergencies. Program guidance materials were developed for WFP on the basis of the findings.

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Livelihoods Change over Time Responses of Communities and Agencies to Chronic Crisis

The overarching objective of the proposed research is to enhance the understanding of how livelihoods change in response to stress and crisis, and to improve humanitarian practice in responding to disaster and improving livelihoods.

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Milk Matters: Improving the Health and Nutritional Status of Children in Pastoral Communities

This project seeks primarily to clarify some of the underlying causes of the chronically high levels of acute malnutrition found in pastoral regions in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Uganda.

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Community-based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Bangladesh Reducing Vulnerability to Malnutrition in Poor Cyclone-prone Communities

This is a prospective cohort study that aims to examine the operational effectiveness of community case management (CCM) of SAM delivered by CHVs.

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Food Aid Quality Review Products, Processes, and Price

Advances in nutrition and biological sciences must be considered alongside developments in food technology to make available cost-effective commodities tailored to meet the needs of people living in developing countries.

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Livestock Interventions in Complex Emergencies: South Sudan and Somalia case studies

This project consists of two case studies on large-scale livestock programs in South Sudan and Somalia, focusing on issues of program impacts, coordination, and community participation.

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Our academic courses at Tufts and other institutions are a key part of our research and our mission. Our faculty teach the following course at Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy:

  • International Humanitarian Response (NUTR 324/DHP D-213), Spring Term, taught by Daniel Maxwell

Go to Humanitarian Education Courses at Tufts on our Education page for more related courses.